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S. A. Papkov
Repression campaign on the Tomsk railway in the second half of the 1930s
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-6-12
The article analyzes the situation on the Tomsk railway in the 1930s and the specific government measures to address the crisis in transport operations. The Stalinist leadership compensated for the lack of effective economic mechanisms in the Soviet system with active methods of repression, including on one of the main railways of the USSR, linking Siberia and the Far East with the European part of the country. In such regard, the nature of special orders of the People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR Lazar Kaganovich is considered. An explanation is presented for the systematic dismissals of the Tomsk railway's management, as well as the subsequent transition to mass repressions against leading specialists. Based on original sources, the main actions of the punitive organs during the arrest campaign and the organization of show trials in transport are presented. A description is given of the main phases of the development of mass terror of 1937–1938 and the participation of the railway's management in them. Data on the consequences of the repressions is presented. It is concluded that the purge on the Tomsk railway in the second half of the 1930s. It turned out to be one of the largest punitive actions carried out by Stalin's secret services, with the participation of local organizations of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Its victims included workers fr om a wide variety of professions and occupations. However, no real economic results are achieved.
Keywords: Siberia, Tomsk Railway, crisis, L. M. Kaganovich, administrative apparatus, specialists, repressions.
For citation: Papkov S. A. Repression campaign on the Tomsk railway in the second half of the 1930s. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 6–12. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-6-12. EDN: NWUANO.
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6–12
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A. D. Popova, N. V. Larin
Reception and accommodation of refugees from the western front of the First World War in 1915–1916 (on the example of the Ryazan Province)
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-13-19
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the problem of reception and accommodation of refugees from the Western regions of the Russian Empire in the territory of the Ryazan province in the period from 1915 to 1916. The study uses documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Ryazan Region. The relevance of the topic is due to the insufficient degree of its scientific elaboration in historiography. Despite considerable interest in the history of the First World War and related migration processes, the issues of reception and accommodation of refugees in the Ryazan province during this period remain virtually unexplored. This circumstance highlights the need for a special study. The article aims at a comprehensive analysis of the refugee resettlement process in the Ryazan province in the context of administrative, social and economic aspects. The research focuses on the mechanisms and tools used by local authorities, including the governor, zemstvo institutions and city associations. Thus, the study is an attempt at a comprehensive study of one of the little-studied pages of the history of the Ryazan province in the context of the First World War. The paper uses methodological approaches to analyze the problem and identify its features, which contributes to the deepening of knowledge about migration processes and their impact on the socioeconomic development of the region in wartime conditions.
Keywords: World War I, Ryazan province, N. N. Kisel-Zagoryansky, refugees, reception and accommodation of refugees, work of regional management structures.
For citation: Popova A. D., Larin N. V. Reception and accommodation of refugees from the Western front of the First World War in 1915–1916 (on the example of the Ryazan Province). Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 13–19. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488- 2026-11-1-13-19. EDN: TOWFOW.
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13–19
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Yu. M. Gordeev, A. Yu. Karpinets
Influence of the liberal democratic attitudes of Alexander II on the educational process in military schools on the example of the Siberian cadet corps (Siberian military gymnasium)
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-20-28
The relevance of the paper is determined by the need to study the historical experience of the evolution of the educational process of the country's military educational institutions. The purpose of the work is to determine the changes in the educational policy of military schools that occurred in the “liberal democratic era” of Alexander II on the example of the Siberian military gymnasium and give them an assessment. The objectives of the study are to reveal the regional specifics of the process with specific examples. The main conclusion of the study: in military gymnasiums, the system of penalties for misconduct is significantly softened in comparison with the cadet corps, nevertheless, remaining military institutions, the gymnasiums retained the corps traditions of military discipline and daily routine.
Keywords: military history, history of preparatory military education, Siberian Cossack Army, military educational institutions, cadet corps, military gymnasiums, educational process, Omsk.
For citation: Gordeev Yu. M., Karpinets A. Yu. Influence of the liberal democratic attitudes of Alexander II on the educational process in military schools on the example of the Siberian cadet corps (Siberian military gymnasium). Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 20–28. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-20-28. EDN: CPQTVH.
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20–28
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M. E. Razinkov
“I do not object to all the attacks, but rather pass them by in disgusted silence”: the struggle for political leadership in the provinces of the Central Black Earth Region in March– June 1917
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-29-37
Political leadership in the provinces of the Central Black Earth Region at the beginning of the 1917 Revolution has not received due comprehensive coverage in historiography. As a result of the conducted research, it is concluded that, despite the leaders' claims to control policy, it is impossible to speak of the presence of generally recognized regional leaders of the revolution: the composition of the leaders changed quickly, and serious contradictions began to arise between them. Nevertheless, already in the first months of the revolution, the political system began to fill with energetic, public leaders who preferred socialism, but are not necessarily party members. Despite the obvious inclination towards authoritarian decisions, the leaders of this time preferred non-violent methods of political struggle. The overwhelming majority of leaders supported the Provisional Government, however, already in the spring of 1917, dissatisfaction with official policy began to appear, associated with the rise of the peasant movement, the filling of the revolutionary political elite with political prisoners, and the difficulties in the relationships of charismatic leaders with the parties to which they belonged. The problem is considered on the basis of a set of data: published materials; studies on individual leaders; unpublished documents from the funds of the State Archives of the Voronezh, Oryol and Lipetsk Regions. The theoretical basis of the study is a combination of institutional and historical-anthropological approaches with problem-chronological and biographical methods
Keywords: political history, political culture, political leadership, historical imagology, Russian revolution, chiefdom, Central Black Earth Region.
For citation: Razinkov M. E. “I do not object to all the attacks, but rather pass them by in disgusted silence”: the struggle for political leadership in the provinces of the Central Black Earth Region in March– June 1917. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 29–37. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-29-37. EDN: MNNWRS.
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29–37
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K. A. Tishkina
Fighting tuberculosis in the 1920s: Experience of three-day camps in the Omsk region
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-38-45
The article is devoted to the study of the main measures of prevention and control of tuberculosis in the 1920s in Omsk and the adjacent region (province, district). This issue is not reflected in the developments of historiography. The basis for the study is a set of sources combining the records of Soviet authorities, institutions and organizations, journalism and periodicals. The work is based on both general historical methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and special historical methods (historicalchronological, historical-systemic, historical-genetic). The final part presents the key achievements and problems in organizing the fight against tuberculosis in the Omsk region during the specified period.
Keywords: Omsk district, Omsk, tuberculosis, three-day clinic, tuberculosis clinic, white flower, social action, history of phthisiology.
For citation: Tishkina K. A. Fighting tuberculosis in the 1920s: Experience of three-day camps in the Omsk region. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 38–45. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-38-45. EDN: NDKXYW.
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38–45
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M. M. Gumerov, Ju. N. Guseva
Modern Russian historiography on pan-Turkism: Issues, narratives and research perspectives
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-46-54
The article critically examines contemporary Russian historiography on Pan-Turkism from 2000 to 2024, identifying key thematic clusters, methodological trends, and unresolved debates. Through a combination of bibliometric analysis and qualitative content evaluation, the study reveals a marked increase in scholarly output after 2015, closely tied to fluctuations in Russo-Turkish relations. The analysis distinguishes three dominant interpretive frameworks: securitization narratives framing Pan-Turkism as a geopolitical threat, cultural-historical approaches emphasizing identity formation, and policy-oriented studies analyzing Turkey's regional influence. Methodologically, the field remains divided between traditional diplomatic history and emerging interdisciplinary perspectives, with only limited engagement with digital humanities or postcolonial theory. A persistent tension is observed between essentialist interpretations reproducing imperial security discourses and more nuanced studies deconstructing the “Turkic world” concept. The article highlights significant regional asymmetries–while Volga-Ural and Crimean case studies abound, Central Asian perspectives remain underrepresented. The conclusion outlines promising research directions, including comparative studies of Turkic identity politics, critical reassessment of archival narratives, and analysis of digital media's role in Pan-Turkic mobilization. This meta-analysis contributes to broader discussions about decolonizing Eurasian studies and the evolving relationship between academic production and foreign policy discourses in post-Soviet scholarship.
Keywords: Russian historiography, Turkism, pan-Turkism, Russian-Turkish relations, foreign and domestic policy of Turkey, neo-Ottomanism, neo-Turkism, collective Turkism.
For citation: Gumerov M. M., Guseva Ju. N. Modern Russian historiography on pan-Turkism: Issues, narratives and research perspectives. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 46–54. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-46-54. EDN: CVEQII.
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46–54
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A. D. Averkiev
Secularization of monastic lands during the reign of Catherine II (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod Diocese)
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-55-59
The article discusses the issues of embedding the monasteries of the Nizhny Novgorod diocese into a new church-state structure. During the second stage of the church reform, a completely new system of functioning of the Russian Church was finally formed and consolidated in Russia. The institution of monasticism became completely tightly controlled by the state. The monasteries of the Nizhny Novgorod diocese did not escape this either. Based on new diverse sources identified in the funds of the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region, it is found that in 1764 the format of the management of monasteries changed, which lost their land holdings and other privileges in the administrative, economic and judicial spheres, and some of them ceased to exist altogether. However, some monasteries became exceptions to the rules and partially retained their special status. In general, during the period under study, bureaucratic order was introduced in the management of Nizhny Novgorod monasteries, and the monastic administration was unified.
Keywords: XVIII century, Russian Church, Catherine II, monasteries, Nizhny Novgorod Diocese, reform.
For citation: Averkiev A. D. Secularization of monastic lands during the reign of Catherine II (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod Diocese). Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P.55–59. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-55-59. EDN: MWIFZD.
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55–59
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History Name
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A. A. Ivanov
Doctor Dubrovin and Count Witte: A history of irreconcilable enmity
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-60-69
The article examines the conflict between the leader of the largest Black Hundred organization of the Russian Empire, the Union of the Russian People, Alexander Dubrovin and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Count Sergei Witte. For the first time in historiography, attention is drawn to the emergence of hostile relations between Dubrovin and Witte, which developed back in the late 19th century. The theoretical basis of the study is the anthropological and institutional approaches, the problematic and biographical methods. Using this methodological block, based on the analysis of materials from the prerevolutionary periodical press, the attitude of the leader of the right-wing forces to the prime minister, the accusations brought against him, and the methods of counteracting the policy of the head of government are reconstructed in detail. It is proven that Dubrovin and the Union of the Russian People led by him made a significant contribution to the discrediting of Witte, the loss of his trust on the part of Nicholas II, and the subsequent resignation of the prime minister.
Keywords: political history, historical anthropology, Alexander Dubrovin, Sergei Witte, Union of the Russian People, Russian Empire, Russian Revolution of 1905.
For citation: Ivanov A. A. Doctor Dubrovin and Count Witte: A history of irreconcilable enmity. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 60–69. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-60-69. EDN: QLTGTP.
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60–69
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PHILOSOPHY
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V. V. Babich
Narrative meaning: semiosis and identity
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-70-77
The article examines the narrative meaning that allows constructing an understanding of the surrounding world, oneself, and human actions through stories that give events, motives, and goals meaning, forming a single narrative plot. Ontological, epistemological, and hermeneutic prerequisites for meaning-making are analyzed. The narrative meaning is demonstrated, linking personal experience with cultural, ethical, and temporal contexts in which one’s own existence acquires a narrative form through the linking of events into a plot, in which not randomness or absurdity is revealed, but a direction in the context of which teleology manifests itself as one of the possible modalities of meaning. It is proved that the narrative meaning is revealed as a synthetic category representing the ontological rootedness of man in the world, the epistemological activity of consciousness, and hermeneutic experience. The key role of narrative as a means of semiosis is recognized. It is argued that in the context of the formation of personal identity, the narrative meaning of autobiographical narration acts as a key basis for maintaining a sense of one’s own authenticity in the face of the modality of ‘unnatural’ existence.
Keywords: narrative meaning, narrativism, meaning-making, semiosis, personal identity, teleology, subjectivity, hermeneutics.
For citation: Babich V. V. Narrative meaning: Semiosis and identity. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 70–77. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-70-77. EDN: TMMBTF..
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70–77
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S. B. Kulikov
Did J. Searle take everything into account when entering the Chinese room?
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-78-83
This article discusses the justification for John Searle’s criticism of the very possibility of strong artificial intelligence in light of the development of computations that implement the principles of organization and functioning of biological neural networks. Searle’s arguments are compared to the real-world situation that has developed within the evolution of technical systems. The subject of the study is the extent, to which his argumentation is relevant to specific types of artificial intelligence (expert systems, generative neural networks, etc.). The hypothesis is tested that Searle’s assertions underestimate the potential of neural networks to overcome the limitations of weak (non-autonomous) artificial intelligence. The author obtains a new result that reveals aspects of the ‘transcendental’ nature of Searle’s position, which broadly refers to biological naturalism.
Keywords: strong artificial intelligence, naturalism, Chinese room, thought experiments, evolution of technical systems, realism.
For citation: Kulikov S. B. Did J. Searle take everything into account when entering the Chinese Room? Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 78–83. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-78-83. EDN: AFHRKU.
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78–83
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Pros and Cons
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K. E. Morozov
Metaethical implications of illusionism
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-84-100
According to illusionism, there is no phenomenal consciousness, only an illusion of it. Since the phenomenal character of experience plays an important role in explaining and justifying its normative status, illusionism faces a normative problem. The problem is that illusionism, by denying phenomenal experience, potentially undermines our moral commitments. In this article, I defend the normative problem and consider solutions to it proposed by Franзois Kammerer, Keith Frankish, Artem Besedin, Maxim Gorbachev, Artem Iunusov, and Taras Tarasenko. As I show, none of these solutions is satisfactory. I conclude by offering two alternative solutions that either weaken illusionism or accept antirealist implications for metaethics.
Keywords: illusionism, physicalism, materialism, phenomenal consciousness, qualia, sentience, intrinsic value.
For citation: Morozov K. E. Metaethical implications of illusionism. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 84–100. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-84- 100. EDN: OLUKCJ.
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84–100
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A. P. Besedin
Illusionism is compatible with sentientism
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-101-107
This article addresses a normative challenge for illusionism. It arises from the acceptance of sentientism — a theory that affirms the moral significance of phenomenal states. Illusionism, which denies the existence of phenomenal consciousness, may prompt a revision of ethical frameworks. The author demonstrates that illusionism can preserve the moral relevance of subjective experiences without requiring the postulation of phenomenal properties. The research argues that the concepts of pain and pleasure can be redefined in functional and physicalist terms without losing their normative force. Illusionism offers a way to reconceptualize the moral status of subjective experience while avoiding metaphysical assumptions. Through the analysis of several thought experiments, it is shown that although the illusionist interpretation of pain denies the reality of phenomenal qualities, it can still explain why pain is considered an intrinsically bad state. Thus, illusionism is compatible with sentientism and does not contradict our moral intuitions.
Keywords: illusionism, sentientism, normative challenge for illusionism, moral philosophy, subjective experience, phenomenal concepts.
For citation: Besedin A. P. Illusionism is compatible with sentientism. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 101–107. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-101- 107. EDN: SZNTWK.
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101–107
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M. D. Gorbachev
Illusionism is (un)resistant to sentience
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-101-107
The article is devoted to the question of the compatibility between the illusionist theory of consciousness and the widely accepted sentientist approach to the justification of moral status. Illusionism denies the existence of phenomenal consciousness and qualia, claiming that we are disposed to believe that they exist due to a systematic introspective distortion. If phenomenal consciousness does not exist, then illusionism is not compatible with sentientism. This is exactly what Franзois Kammerer thinks, and therefore, in one of his recent works, he offers a number of arguments against sentientism in order to show that such a denial does not lead illusionism to counterintuitive ethical consequences. The article argues that the conclusion about the incompatibility of illusionism and sentience is the result of using this concept in a non-obvious, theoretically overloaded way. The author proposes three variants of understanding sentience in connection with three types of qualia: K-, Z-, and D-sentience (classic, zero, and diet qualia), wh ere only the first variant turns out to be incompatible with illusionism. Z-sentience can be accepted by illusionists, but, like the K-variant, turns out to be too heavy for the discussion about the justification of moral status. D-sentience is recognized as the most suitable variant of understanding sentience. It is compatible with illusionism, which excludes the possibility of accusing the latter of undesirable ethical consequences. Also, D-sentience does not face the problems of diet qualia: it is coherent if sentientism is not an attempt to combine physicalism and phenomenal realism fr om another discussion; it is not empty, since the concept of sentience is not supposed to be used in the discussion about the nature of phenomenal consciousness, wh ere diet qualia do not do any theoretical work.
Keywords: illusionism, sentience, phenomenal consciousness, qualia, diet qualia, normative challenge.
For citation: Gorbachev M. D. Illusionism is (un)resistant to sentience. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 108–114. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-108- 114. EDN: SHYGQL.
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101–107
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Provocation
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M. Stocker
The schizophrenia of modern ethical theories / trans. from Engl. D. A. Boroda
DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-115-122
The article examines the phenomenon of moral ‘schizophrenia’ of modern ethical theories — egoism, utilitarianism and deontology — arising from the gap between the declared reasons-values and real human motives. Such a gap excludes love, friendship and sympathy from the field of ethics, impoverishing moral practice and making it psychologically unviable. In the article, the author shows some of the limitations that motivation imposes on ethical theory and life, and advances our understanding of the relationship between reason and motive, critically comparing these theories, demonstrating that their acceptance leads to either an impoverished or a bifurcated moral life.
Keywords: ethics, modern ethical theories, morality, schizophrenia, egoism, reason, motive.
For citation: Stocker M. The schizophrenia of modern ethical theories / trans. from Engl. D. A. Boroda. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity. 2026. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 115–122. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2026-11-1-115-122. EDN: QWUYQM.
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115–122
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